The Difference Between 'This' and 'It'

When Do We Use This?

This is used to talk about something near you. It often feels like pointing directly at an object or idea close to you.

• This car is mine. (The car is right next to the speaker.)
• This is my favorite book. (The book is close to the speaker.)
• I don’t like it jacket. (Wrong usage of 'it', should be 'this jacket'.)

We also use this when introducing someone or when speaking on the phone.

• This is my friend, Sara.
• Hello, this is John calling.

When Do We Use It?

To Refer Back to Something

It refers to something already mentioned or something understood in context. Unlike 'this,' it doesn’t point to something near but assumes the listener knows what is being discussed.

• I bought a new phone. It is very expensive. ('It' refers to 'phone.')
• This is my house. I love it. ('It' refers to 'house.')
• This car is fast. I like this. (Should use 'it' instead of 'this.')

Talking About Times, Weather, and Distance

We also use it to discuss time, weather, and distances.

• It’s 8 o’clock now.
• It was raining yesterday.
• It’s only 5 kilometers from here.

Using It’s with Adjectives

It’s is often followed by an adjective and a to-infinitive or a that-clause to express opinions or describe situations.

• It’s hard to learn a new language.
• It’s important that you practice every day.

Key Differences Between This and It

This points to something close or introduces something new, while it refers back to something already mentioned or known.

Usage	Example with This	Example with It
Pointing to an object	This is my phone.	It is on the table.
Talking about time/weather	Not applicable	It’s sunny today.

Common Mistakes

• It book is interesting. (Should be 'This book is interesting.')
• I like this weather. (Better: 'I like it.')