Conjunctions: and, but, or, so, because

Conjunctions are words that connect phrases, clauses, or sentences. At the A1 level, we focus on five conjunctions: and, but, or, so, and because.

And

We use and to add similar ideas or information.

Correct: I like apples and oranges.

Incorrect: I like apples and eat oranges.

Note: Both items must be of the same type (nouns, verbs, etc.).

But

We use but to show a contrast between two ideas.

Correct: She is friendly, but shy.

Incorrect: She is friendly but she shy.

Or

We use or to present options or choices.

Correct: Would you like tea or coffee?

Incorrect: Would you like tea or drink coffee?

So

We use so to show a result or consequence.

Correct: It was raining, so I took an umbrella.

Incorrect: It was raining so took an umbrella.

Because

We use because to give a reason for something.

Correct: I stayed home because it was cold.

Incorrect: I stayed home because was cold.

Common Mistakes

• Incorrect: I like dancing and sing.
• Correct: I like dancing and singing.
• Incorrect: He is smart so he can success.
• Correct: He is smart so he can succeed.